6.5 understand that magnetism is induced in some materials when they are placed in a magnetic field

Some materials can become magnetically induced when placed near a magnet.
For example if steel is placed near a magnet then it can become a magnet.

The closer to the magnet the material is placed, the more the magnetism is induced.

The poles are created opposite so...
If you place a north pole of a bar magnet against a bar of steel then the end facing the north pole would become a south pole.

6.3 describe the properties of magnetically hard and soft materials

Magnetically hard materials are materials that stay magnetised after they have been exposed to a magnetic field. An example of this is steel.

A magnetically soft material is one that becomes demagnetised after it leaves a magnetic field. An example of this is iron. It's used in transformers as it can be magnetised and demagnetised many times a second.

6.2 understand that magnets repel and attract other magnets and attract magnetic substances

In a magnet:
Opposite poles attract
Like poles repel

Magnets can also attract other magnetic materials such as iron.

5.16 use the relationship between the pressure and Kelvin temperature of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume:

P₁ / T₁ = P₂/ T₂

Initial Pressure ÷ Initial Temp = Final Pressure ÷ Final Temp

5.14 understand that the Kelvin temperature of the gas is proportional to the average kinetic energy of its molecules

As the average kinetic energy of a gas' molecules increase, so does the Kelvin temperature proportionally.

5.8 describe the arrangement and motion of particles in solids, liquids and gases

Solid:

• Strong forces of attraction
• Fixed regular arrangement
• Particles vibrate about their fixed position

Liquid:

• Weaker forces of attraction
• Particles are close together but can slide past one another
• More kinetic energy
• Move in random directions

Gas:

• Almost no forces of attraction
• More kinetic energy than liquid
• Free to move
• Move in random directions at high speeds

5.7 understand the changes that occur when a solid melts to form a liquid, and when a liquid evaporates or boils to form a gas

Solid à Liquid

In a solid the particles are tightly packed in a regular pattern. As heat is applied it is transferred to kinetic energy as the particles gain kinetic energy. When they have enough kinetic energy they break free from the intermolecular forces holding them together as a solid and become a liquid.

Liquid à Gas

In a liquid the particles are free and are in an irregular pattern. As more heat is applied the particles gain more kinetic energy until they have enough kinetic energy to overcome the intermolecular forces holding them together. They now have little or no intermolecular force and are a gas.